A family history was written by Chun’s brother-in-law, Tin-Yuke Char, who was married to Wai Jane, the third of five sisters. Here are two excerpts from Char’s story.
… Wai Jane’s father was Chun Kam-chow, proprietor of the C. K. Chow Dry Goods Store on King and River Streets. Her mother belonged to the Mark family. Both families came from Shekki in Chungshan district. Both grandfather Chun and grandfather Mark had lived in San Francisco and Honolulu as merchants until they returned to the home village in Shekki and arranged for the engagement of their son and daughter. Chun Kam-chow had been born in 1875. …In the 1920 census Chun’s father was a retail dry goods merchant. Chun was the sixth of seven children (five daughters and two sons) all Hawaii-born. The birth order was Wai Tung, Wai Sue, Ellery, Calvin, Wai Jane, Wai Eng (Ethel), and Wai Chee. The family resided in Honolulu at 1050 Beretania Street.
… he could leave on January 27, 1903, for China on the S.S. Korea to marry his betrothed, Mark Choy-kan on March 16, 1903. The newlyweds took the S.S. China and arrived in Honolulu on April 15, 1903.
The address was the same in the 1930 census. The Honolulu Advertiser, March 3, 1997, said Chun attended the Punahou school. The school’s 1930 yearbook, The Oahuan, published a photograph of the sophomore class that included Chun.
Chun continued her education at the University of Hawaii. She had a listing in The Handbook of Chinese Students in U.S.A., 1933: “Chun, Ehtel Wai Eng, Home Econ., Univ. of Hawaii, 1050 Beretania St., Hawaii.” In the 1934 University of Hawaii yearbook, Ka Palapala, she was in the Home Economics Club and Yang Chung Hui, a Chinese sorority.
Home Economics Club
Yang Chung Hui
Chun was in the class of 1936. She was a member of both groups in the 1936 yearbook but did not have a senior photograph. The Honolulu Advertiser said Chun “graduated from the University of Hawaii at Manoa in 1936, with a degree in home economics. … Encouraged by California artist Millard Sheets, Lum [her married name] won a scholarship to the Chouinard School of Art in California for two years.”
A passenger list, at Ancestry.com, listed Chun aboard the steamship Malolo which departed Honolulu on August 2, 1936. She arrived in Los Angeles on September 3. A hand-written note by Chun’s Christian name added her Chinese name, Wai Eng, and Certificate of Identity number 18962.
The Chinese Digest, October 2, 1936, reported the Four Arts Club’s newest member.
Miss Ethel Chun, recent arrival from Honolulu, is now a student at the Chouinard Art institute, leading art school on the Pacific Coast. Miss Chun is from the University of Hawaii, and was a major in home economics. She is the first Oriental girl to become a member of the exclusive Four Arts Club.Eight weeks later the Chinese Digest, November 27, 1936, said “Ethel Chun is a scholarship student from the U. of Hawaii. She is studying at the Chouinard Art Institute in L. A. Some of Miss Chun’s work from the Island is on exhibit at the school.”
Chun’s second trip to Los Angeles began in Honolulu on June 11, 1937. The steamship Lurline arrived in Los Angeles on September 18. The passenger list had the same Certificate of Identity number plus Chun’s Chinese Exclusion Act case file number 4500/3052 in Honolulu.
After Chouinard Chun spent several months on the Mainland. The March-April 1939 issue of Chinese Digest published the following article.
First Colored Map of Chinatown PublishedChun’s map was included in Picturing America: The Golden Age of Pictorial Maps (2017) with this description:
San Francisco—An illustrated color map of Chinatown was published here last month, and marked the first publication of the recently organized California Chinese Pioneer Historical Society.
Measuring 17 by 22 inches and lithographed in five bright colors, this is the first picture map every [sic] published here. It contains more than fifty illustrated figures, each showing a distinct phase of Chinatown life or an interesting locale.
Interestingly enough, the drawing of the map was executed by an Honolulu Chinese artist, Ethel Chun. A graduate in liberal arts from the University of Hawaii, Miss Chun studied art for two years on a scholarship at the Charnard [sic] Art School in Los Angeles until about a year ago. Then, while on a visit to San Francisco she was asked by the California Chinese Pioneer Historical Society to draw a colored cartograph of Chinatown, giving not only its geography and interesting spots but also injecting into it human interest and humorous touches. The finished product showed artistry, imagination, and humor.
Miss Chun has since returned home and is now teaching art in a high school on the island of Maui. On the back of the map is a 2,000 word guide to Chinatown, plus a check list of its most interesting places. It is thus a useful guide for Chinatown visitors and a good reference map for Chinatownians as well.
The California Chinese Pioneer Historical Society, publisher of this cartograph, is an organization devoted to the preservation, collection, and publication of data and history on the Chinese in this state. Its headquarters is located at 24 Old Chinatown. Its members are now preparing an exhibition of interesting California Chinese relics to be shown to the public soon.
Above, Ethel Chun, Chinatown San Francisco, 1939, 41.5 × 54.4 cm. A well-known Hawaiian-Chinese artist, Chun created one of the most distinctive of all American pictorial maps. The map, sold to tourists, uses vibrant colors to reflect Chinese culture. Yellow is associated with prestige (the Chinese emperor's color) and the earth, hence the map’s yellow ground, while red represents good fortune. Ethel M. Fair CollectionThe Honolulu Academy of Arts News Bulletin and Calendar announced, in a 1939 issue, “The Jon and Eleanor Freitas prize for the best painting by an Island-Born artist exhibiting for the first time was given to Ethel Chun’s watercolor “The Fisherman.”
Chun was counted twice in the 1940 census. She was counted in her parents’ household whose Honolulu address was 1311 Victoria Street. Chun was a teacher at the Lahainaluna School in Lahaina, Maui. She was a lodger in the household of Milton and Hattie Foster, both teachers. Also teaching at the school was Alfred Lum Lung, Chun’s future husband.
Chun was featured in the Honolulu Advertiser, February 17, 1941.
Ethel Chun, one of Honolulu’s promising native born artists, works in water color but sometimes paints in oil and tempera. Miss Chun finished her training at the University of Hawaii and later continued at Chouinard’s School of Design, Los Angeles, studying with Millard Sheets. She works as a textile designer and her patterns are printed on the Mainland and then made up into attractive sport and beach models. Miss Chun has swift, sure strokes that are strong. Her pictures are well composed, rich in tonal values and her colors are brilliant and transparent. Her favorite compositions are marines that teem with action and color and she is interested in flying spray that is released against contrasting dark volcanic shore line.The marriages of Chun and sister Wai Chee were published in the Honolulu Advertiser, January 25, 1942.
The marriages of Miss Ethel Chun to Mr. Alfred Lum of Lahaina, Maui, and Miss Wai Chee Chun to Mr. Jewitt E. Y. Yee, son of Mr. and Mrs. Yee Young, are being announced by the brides’ parents, Mr. and Mrs. Kam Chow Chun.Lum signed his world War II draft card on February 14, 1942. His full name was Alfred Kuulei Lum Lung. Almost a month later Lum Lung was crossed out on the card and replaced with Lum, and, at the top of the card, was written “Name Changed by Decree—3-12-42”.
Ethel was married to Mr. Lum in Lahaina on New Year’s Day. Mr. and Mrs. H.C. Du[?] were attendants. The bride graduated from Punahou school and the University of Hawaii and Chouinard Art institute in Los Angeles. She is a member of the Honolulu Art society and Association of Honolulu Artists and was formerly a member of Lahainaluna high school staff. Mr. Lum is an instructor at Lahianaluna [sic]. The couple are making their home at the school. …
Chun’s address was 2311 Bingham Street according to Honolulu city directories (in various years at Ancestry.com) from 1947 to 1981. Her husband was a clerk at King-Smith Sportswear into the mid-1960s.
Chun’s father passed away June 30, 1960. His obituary appeared the next day in the Honolulu Advertiser.
Kam C. Chun Dies At 85; Services SetIn 1974 the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission considered banning firecrackers but decided against it. The Associated Press report quoted from a letter by Chun to the commission.
Kam Chow Chun, founder of King-Smith Sportswear, died yesterdav at Queen’s Hospital. He was 85. A native of Canton, Mr. Chun was an active member of the United Chinese Society, Chinese Chamber of Commerce, Chun Wing Chein Tong and Anti-Opium Society.
He is survived by his wife, Mrs. Choy Kan Mark; two sons, Ellery Joe Quain Chun and Calvin Joe Hee Chun; five daughters, Mrs. Bo Yee (Wai Tung) Wong, Mrs. Fawn S. (Wai Sue) Louie, Mr. Tin Yuke (Wai Jane) Char, Mrs. Alfred (Ethel) Lum, and Mrs. Jewett (Wai Chee) Yee; 24 grandchildren, and 7 great grandchildren. Funeral services will be held at Nuuanu Memorial Park Mortuary at 1 p.m. Monday followed by burial at Nuuanu. Memorial Park. Friends may call at the mortuary after 9 a.m. Monday. The family requested that flowers be omitted.
“There are religious, cultural and ceremonial rites for the kitchen gods” at 5 a.m., New Year’s from 1 p.m. to 2 a.m., celebrations for birthdays, weddings, deaths, anniversaries, memorial days, house warnings, openings of businesses, completions of new homes and buildings, special holy days foe the numerous Taoist gods and Buddha, and many, many other religious rites.”Chun’s mother passed away on December 29, 1976. Her obituary appeared in the Vancouver Chinatown News, February 3, 1977, and was reprinted in The Bamboo Path. Here is an excerpt:
“The bombardments of firecrackers for these rites come any time during the day or night without warning to neighbors,” she wrote. “So, please be firm with the ban.”
Centenarian Choy-Kan Mark Chun, [Mrs. Kam-Chow Chun,] passed away Dec. 29, at the age of 101, just two days before another birthday. Born Dec. 31, 1874, in Shekki Village, Heungshan district in the province of Kwangtung, she was predeceased by her husband C.K. Chow, an early settler, and her eldest daughter Mrs. Bo Yee [Wai Tung] Wong. Surviving are: Mrs. Fawn S. [Wai Sue] Louie of Oakland, Ellery J.Q. Chun, Calvin J.H. Chun, Mrs. Tin-Yuke [Wai Jane] Char, Mrs. Alfred K. [Ethel Wai Eng] Lum, Mrs. Jewett [Wai Chee] Yee, 24 grandchildren and 28 great-grandchildren.Chun and her brother Ellery were profiled and pictured in the Honolulu Advertiser, October 6, 1987.
Mrs. Chun immigrated to Hawaii immediately after her marriage in China in 1903 to Mr. Chun from Honolulu, who had established and operated the C.K. Chow Dry Goods Store at King and River St. The store, the sign of which is still visible on its western facade, was a popular shop at one time for paniolas from outer islands and plantation workers just off the Oahu trains looking for palaka and sweat shirts, blue denim, felt hats, Panamas and Stetsons, and holiday wear kerchiefs of China silk. Mrs. Chun worked as a finisher of these work clothes on her manually operated sewing machine. While raising her family, Mrs. Chun observed with interest the steady growth of Honolulu for 75 years. She started out using kerosene lamps, gas lanterns, horse carriages and progressed to sound and color TV in her home. She watched the bygone era streetcars clanging along city streets to be replaced eventually by the silver buses to the still later colorful mass passenger transport of today which she enjoyed observing from the lanai of her Beretania St. home near the Honolulu Art Academy. The Chun family had lived there for more than half a century. Mrs. Chun had seen a World War I Gold Star at her neighbor’s window. During World War II she cared for some of her own little grandchildren who had become refugees from the Far Eastern front. The Vietnam and Korean conflicts provoked much anguish in her heart and she was constantly querying: “Has the war ended yet?”
This gentle mother was a firm believer in the value of education. When a family member graduated, she would regard it as a major event and would put on her best finery of a Chinese satin jacket over velvet-chiffon cheongsam for the occasion. On her “lily” feet she would make her way into Punahou’s Dillingham Hall or University’s Andrew Amphitheatre. She was always there at the pier or airport to see a family member departing for institutions of higher learning across the seas. Her legacy was a family in outstanding professions—teacher, librarian, astrophysicist, doctor, lawyer, pharmacist; also government and corporation officers.
In her golden years, she was still active in Gum Larn Hui (Golden Orchid Society), a group of senior Chinese women who met at monthly luncheon meetings. Private services were held Jan 4, by Rev. Harold Jow of the United Church of Christ. Interment took place at Nuuanu Memorial Park.
Chun passed away on February 22, 1997, at her home in Honolulu. An obituary was published in the Honolulu Advertiser, March 3, 1997, and explained Chun’s role in her father and brother’s businesses and the development of the aloha shirt.
In 1998 Chun’s son made a donation to the Smithsonian Institution as noted in the Annals of the Smithsonian Institution 2000.
Arnold L. Lum: 97 pieces of artwork and related material created by Mr. Lum’s mother, Ethel Chun Lum, for the first Aloha shirts made for King Smith Clothiers including 64 printing blocks, 19 fabric samples, 8 hand tools, 5 illustrations, and a King Smith label, 1933–40. (1998.9273).Ellery passed away May 16, 2000. Obituaries appeared in the Star-Bulletin, Los Angeles Times and Washington Post.
Further Reading and Viewing
The Aloha Shirt: Spirit of the Islands
Hawaii’s Forgotten History: 1900-1999: The Good...The Bad...The Embarrassing
Honolulu
Distinguished Asian American Business Leaders
Made In Hawai’i
The Lahana Sun
Ho‘okuleana
Google Images
(Next post: Asian Americans: Wong Yook Yee 黄玉瑜)
The attendants at my parents’ wedding were Harry and Althea Dunn. They were also teachers at Lahainaluna. Both were what we call “eighth-bloods”, I.e., one-eighth kanaka ‘oiwi.
ReplyDeleteDunn